灵魂词汇1 ----- 功能性词汇
功能动词
表示“分类”: classify, assort , categorize , label * People are usually categorized/classified as sociable and unsociable. * The man is usually labeled as a new-rich [暴发户]. 人们常把他归于暴发户 之列 表示“造成”: cause , lead to , result in , bring about ,bring on , trigger , give rise to #engender:*Sympathy often engenders love.同情常常产生爱情 表示“做”: conduct , carry out , implement , commit , be under way , * 真题07-3 Michael Lynn, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping… * The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions. 政府承诺实施/执行一个新的系统来控制金融贷款机构。 * The project is now well under way. 一个项目正在顺利行进 表示 “评估”:evaluate, appraise, assess , judge 表示“期望”:expect , anticipate, long for , look forward to , hope , wish 表示 “拥有”: have, own , possess, hold, be in possession of , belong to (属于) 表示 “掌控”: control, be in charge of , dominate, monitor , supervise 表示“破坏”: damage , ruin , spoil , destroy , devastate , raze , wreck * The accident wrecked his health. 这次意外事故损坏了他的健康。 表示“理解,知道”:understand , appreciate , be aware of , be conscious of , recognize 表示“很多”: many, numerous, a flood of , a good many, considerable , substantial abundant , a wealth of [修饰可数或不可数],plenty of , a great number of , a great deal of 表示“有联系”:relate to , correlate to, associate with , connect to , link with , be linked to 表示 “表明,证明”: show, demonstrate , manifest v. , prove , reveal , # unravel [ravel n.混乱] 表示 “参与”: take part in , participate in ,be involved in ,
功能形容词:
表示“相反”: opposing : He has an opposing view about the world . 对于世界他有完全不同 的观点 contradictory: contradictory ideas 相互矛盾的观点 表示“反对”: against ,be opposed to, be averse to … ,object to , 真题07-3: "I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and restaurant owners"
表示“调整适应”:adjust to , adapt to , gear to : This training is geared to passing MBA examinations. accommodate : The eye can accommodate itself to seeing objects at different distances. 眼睛能自动调节以便观看远近不同的景物。 表示“很可能,倾向于”: be likely to , be apt to , be prone to , be inclined to , tend to * People are inclined to believe that the more money they have the happier they would be 表示“足够”:enough,adequate , ample ,sufficient 表示 “好,棒”: good , great , fabulous, marvelous, magnificent , miraculous, terrific , amazing fantastic, gorgeous 表示“难以置信”: unbelievable , incredible, unimaginable, It is hard to believe/imagine … 表示“重要”: important , critical , crucial, essential , fundamental , foremost , significant [意义 重大], vital , 表示“不可缺少”: necessary , essential , indispensible , integral [强调组成整体中的一部分] * Kids are an integral part of a family. 表示 “明显的”: obvious, apparent, clear , distinct , evident , manifest , # overt [公开的] 表示 “复杂的”: complicated , complex , involved , sophisticated [强调因为技术精密而复杂] * a sophisticated telescope 精密复杂的望远镜 表示 “有前景”: promising , potential , prospective
功能副词:
表示“主要地,根本上地” mainly, basically, chiefly, essentially, primarily, principally 表示“仅仅,只不过”: only, just , merely, solely , no more than ,exclusively * He learned music solely for fun. 他学音乐只是为了开心。 * He learned English exclusively by himself. 他的英语只是自学的。 [强调没有靠其他方式] 表示 “非常,很”: very , greatly ,awfully, badly, considerably , enormously, extremely, significantly, highly, radically, excessively [过渡地], # disproportionately[比例过大地], 表示”大约” : about, approximately , around , or so , some: Some 4000 people went to the show 表示“实际上,实质上”: actually , as a matter of fact , in fact , in effect , practically, really, virtually
其他
表示“关于”:about, in regard to , respecting , on , with respect to , in terms of(在…方面):China is great nation in terms of its history. 表示“同时”: at the same time , in the meantime , meanwhile , #simultaneously, [] # synchronously [] 表示“根据”:according to , based on , in the light of : *In the light of the evidence, we are convinced that he is right. 表示“暗示,线索”: clue , clew, hint , implication
灵魂词汇2 --- 态度观点信号词:
论点:认为,相信: argue , argument , believe , suppose, think , be convinced that [相信] , hold the belief that … , have a notion that …, view…as , regard….as , see…as, consider….to be, reckon [算作,设想], 论据: for example , for instance , specifically, take… as an example like , such as … , Imagine …. ,
调查研究:investigation , inquiry [hold an inquiry into a case对一个案子进行调查] research, study, survey, report , questionnaire[调查问卷],measurement ,
调查研究结果: 得出结论: conclude that … ,come to a conclusion that …. , draw a conclusion that … 表明,发现: show , suggest , demonstrate , manifest [清楚地显示或表示] display, find , find out, discover, reveal , prove indicate, imply, 预测: forecast , foretell, foresee, predict
表示赞同: agree, appreciate , approve, consent to 表示反对: against , disagree, disapprove, dissent , object to , be opposed to 表示事实: belief , fact , reality, truth 表示理论,设想:assumption , theory, hypothesis [假设] 表示目的: to do, aim at, for the sake of , for , serve as, in favor of [有利于], for the purpose of, intend to do ,
论据中常见专家名称: expert , specialist , professor , associate professor [副教授], sociologist [社会学家], economist, linguist[语言学家],consultant [顾问] psychologist [心理学家],behaviorist [行为 学家],philosopher[哲学家] , anthropologist [人类学家],archaeologist [考古学家],
灵魂词汇3 --逻辑信号词 – 路标词
1,表示因果的 原因:后接句子 --- Because, since , as , for 后接词组 --- because of , thanks to , owing to , due to , as a result of , by/in virtue of [由于] * The movie touched me by virtue of its story. 结果: so(that), accordingly[因此] ; as a result; consequently; for this (that)reason; hence; therefore
此外:表因果的特色词汇 比如A 是因,B是果: A account for / be responsible for B A cause / lead to / result in / bring about / bring on / trigger /give rise to B
2,表示转折的 “但是,然而”:but , however; yet , nevertheless, whereas “尽管,虽然”:后接句子 --- although , though, even though , while ,# notwithstanding 后接词组 --- despite; in spite of “相反地”: conversely[相反地] ; on the contrary; “另一方面”: on the other hand;
3,表示比较的 by comparison ; in contrast (相比之下); in the same way; similarly
4,表示递进的 also; besides; furthermore; in addition; in particular(特别地)more importantly; moreover; What’s more
5,表示概括的 in brief; in conclusion; in short; in a word , in sum; to sum up; on the whole , to conclude 6.表示并列: and , or , at the same time, meanwhile , as well as
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